2018|Third Prize for Science and Technology Progress in Henan Province
Fruit is an important component of human diet and a necessity for a better and healthy life. The project team systematically carried out fruit quality and safety monitoring, evaluation and key technology research and application, in response to the problems of insufficient detection methods, imperfect monitoring system, unclear background of key hazard factors and lack of whole-process standardized control technology in fruit quality and safety monitoring in China. The results provided important scientific and technological support for ensuring the edible safety of fruit and building a healthy China. The main contents are summarized as follows:
1. Development and validation of the methods for the analysis of 131 pesticides, 30 recessive components in pesticide products, organic acids, pectin and volatile components in fruit products
A new method has been established for the detection of glyphosate and its metabolite in peach fruits, leaves, and soil, with breakthroughs in work efficiency and sensitivity. A new method for the determination of thidiazuron in fruits and vegetables by dispersive solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was established, which broke through the limitation of matrix effect. The high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer synchronous confirmation technology for 30 recessive components in pesticide products was developed, which is the most common method for simultaneous detection of recessive components in China. A high-throughput detection system for 131 pesticide risk factors in fruit products was established. A method for the determination of organic acid components in fruit was established. The extraction techniques of pectin and acid were optimized, and an efficient method for the determination of pectin in fruits with different pectin content was established. The ultrasound-assisted high efficiency extraction technology of volatile substances in fruit was established, which improved the extraction efficiency of volatile substances by solid phase microextraction. An efficient digestion technique for determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants was established and a new standard for determination was added.
2. The key hazard factors in main fruits were identified, and the recommended maximum residue limits of 84 pesticides in fruits were put forward.
A total of 34 major hazard factors including 33 pesticides and 1 heavy metal were identified. By integrating assessment techniques such as acute and chronic dietary exposure and risk ranking, a systematic assessment was conducted on pesticide residues in 6 types of fruits (apples, pears, peaches, cherries, dates, pomegranates, etc.) and heavy metal risk in 4 types of fruits (cherries, dates, pomegranates, kiwifruit, etc.) in China. The risk levels of pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruits on residents' dietary intake were investigated. The recommended values of the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 84 pesticides in fruits were put forward. The differences of nutritional functional components of grapes and apples in different production methods and ecological regions were evaluated, and 37 main nutritional functional components were determined.
3. The safety production technical regulations of main tree species were established based on hazard factor database management.
In view of the actual situation of grape and apple production areas in China and the characteristics of ecological environment, with the improvement of fruit quality and safety as the core, comprehensive orchard construction, soil, fertilizer and water management, plastic pruning, fruit and fruit management, pest control, input use, harvest and other key control aspects, the whole production control technology of fresh grape and apple in Bohai Bay area was developed.
The project has issued 5 national industry standards, authorized 4 patents, obtained 1 soft award, published 31 papers, and compiled 41 national science and technology support, risk assessment, special monitoring and consulting reports.
The detection technology has been comprehensively applied in the Analysis and Test Center of the Chinese Academy of Thermal Sciences, and the whole-process control technology has been widely promoted in the main producing areas such as apple and grape, which has produced good social, economic and ecological benefits.