2017|Second Prize for Science and Technology Progress in Henan Province
Henan Province is the largest watermelon production province, the annual planting area is about 490,000 acres, watermelon industry in the province's planting development occupies a very important position. The watermelon cultivation area in the protected area of our province is expanding continuously. It is the development trend of watermelon production to select and promote the watermelon varieties cultivated in the protected area with high quality disease resistance and high yield. Therefore, relying on its own advantages, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences organized scientific researchers to carry out the breeding work of new watermelon varieties cultivated in the protected area, which was supported by the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" national science and technology support project, and lasted for 6 years to produce high yield and disease resistance. Cui Li, a new variety of premium watermelon.
1. Main technical content：
（1）A new watermelon variety Cui Li with high quality and disease resistance was developed: Cui Li is a new watermelon variety with high yield, disease resistance and high quality, which was selected and bred by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences using watermelon materials of different ecological types in remote regions as parents through the combination of conventional breeding methods and biotechnology after 6 years. It was approved by Henan Provincial Crop Variety Certification Committee in 2010. Its main characters are as follows: the whole growth period is 96 days, the fruit development period is 28 days. Plants grow steadily, medium branching, developed roots, the first female flowers on the 6th node, female flowers spaced 6 sections; Fruit high round, fruit type index 1.05, green skin covered with dark green sawtooth bar, slightly fruit powder, beautiful appearance, skin thickness 1.1cm, single melon weight 5~6kg: red flesh, crisp and juicy, good taste flavor, normal conditions cultivation center soluble solid content 12%, 9% side. The average number of single melon seeds is 300, and the mass of 1000 seeds is about 55g. The yield of 2000~3500kg per 667m2in early spring protected cultivation. Moderate resistance to fusarium wilt, mild disease in the field, suitable for protection and open land mulch cultivation. The production test showed that the variety was drought tolerant, resistant to disease and stress, adaptable, fruit-setting ability, high fruit commodity rate, high yield, stable yield, no cracking fruit, storable transport.
After many years of regional tests and production tests, it was proved that the yield of Jingxin No. 1 was significantly higher than that of the control variety, with a maximum increase of 28.85% : The incidence of fusarium wilt and viral disease was significantly lower than that of the control, and the field fruit cracking rate was also significantly lower than that of the control varieties.
（2）Establish healthy seed production technology and cultivation technology regulations: In order to improve the quality and yield of the new watermelon variety Cui Li, a series of cultivation techniques were studied, including grafting, reasonable close planting, pruning, formula fertilization, fertilizer and water integration, comprehensive disease and pest control, etc. At the same time, the production techniques of healthy watermelon seeds were also studied. The cultivation technical regulations and healthy seed production technical regulations suitable for various cultivation modes of Cui Li were established, and the matching of improved varieties and methods was realized, which laid a solid foundation for the popularization and application of the new watermelon variety Cui Li.
The formulation of healthy seed production technology and cultivation technology regulations on the one hand reduces the production cost of watermelon farmers, increases the yield per unit area, and improves the income of watermelon farmers. On the other hand, it effectively prevents the serious harm caused by watermelon fruit rot. At the same time, the prepared data of watermelon excellent varieties and cultivation technology provide a strong technical support for the popularization and application of the new watermelon variety Cui Li.
2. Popularization, application and economic and social benefits
Because Cui Li has the advantages of high yield, high quality, disease resistance and crack resistance, its comprehensive characters are at the leading level among early maturing watermelon varieties. At present, it has been widely promoted and applied in Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei, Hubei and other places, with a cumulative promotion area of more than 33000 acres, and a new social benefit of 75 million yuan. In 2011, 6 demonstration bases were established, and 2 seed production bases were demonstrated and promoted on 19800 acres, realizing direct economic benefits of 250,000 yuan. It has a broad application prospect. The breeding and application of Cui Li further optimized the structure of watermelon varieties in our province, accelerated the renewal of watermelon varieties, and promoted the development of Chinese watermelon industry to a certain extent.